Integrated Systems of Production
A pattern of interactions (a set of bridges) operating according to the principles of a complexity spiral, builds toward an integrated closed loop production system. In closed loop production, all inputs are produced as a part of the production cycle which results in reducing costs to zero. In integrated production, all of the by-products of each process are used as feed stock in other processes, reducing waste to zero. That is the essence of sustainable.
Nature operates integrated closed loop production systems and that is why our living system has existed for these past millions of years. We humans can learn to construct and operate ICLPSs and that is what it will take for our species to have a long and happy tenure on this planet.
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Integrated Systems of Production